ABSTRACT
The authors summarize the current knowledge about FIP (feline infectious peritonitis) using the latest scientific literature and their own experiences. The feline coronaviruses, both the feline enteric coronavirus (FECV) and the FIP virus (FIPV) belong to the same Alphacoronavirus 1 species, in the Alphacoronavirus genus within the Coronaviridae family, and infect wild and domestic felids. FIPV is the mutated form of the ubiquitous and contagious feline enteric coronavirus, which, in contrast, causes a fatal and non-infectious illness. The lethal disease develops in only a subset of infected cats as a result of complex immunopathological processes. The clinical manifestation of the disease is very diverse. the effusive form ("wet form") has a more rapid course than the non-effusive form ("dry form"). However, these two main manifestations are rather the endpoints of a continuum of diseases. Macroscopically the wet form is characterized by effusions in the serosal cavities, and the dry form by perivascular (pyo)granulomas in the organs. The most characteristic histoogical lesions are granulomatou's to necrotizing vasculitis in the wet form, and vasocentric pyogranulomatous inflammation in the dry form. Ante-mortem diagnosis of the disease is challenging yet extremely important, partially because of recent successes in therapy. The most reliable diagnosis is likely to be made only post-mortem, but a properly constructed diagnostic workflow can be similarly effective. Although the active substances of previous successful therapies are relatively easily available, they are not approved for veterinary use. In the absence of an effective vaccine, prevention is based mainly on epidemiological considerations and the reduction of stressors that unnecessarily affect the cats. Presenting the example of FIP and COVID-19, it is perfectly understandable why the experience of different drugs in the treatment of animal coronaviral infections can be of tremendous value in preparing their use in human experiments.
ABSTRACT
The authors summarize the current knowledge about FIP (feline infectious peritonitis) using the latest scientific literature and their own experiences. The feline coronaviruses, both the feline enteric coronavirus (FECV) and the FIP virus (FIPV) belong to the same Alphacoronovirus 1 species, in the Alphocoronovirus genus within the Coronoviridoe family, and infect wild and domestic felids. FIPV is the mutated form of the ubiquitous and contagious feline enteric coronavirus. which, in contrast, causes a fatal and non -infectious illness. The letha, disease cevelops in only a subset of infected cats as a result of complex immunopatho-logical processes. The clinical manifestation of the disease is very diverse, the effusive form ("wet form") has a more rapid course than the non-effusive form ("dry form"). However, these two main manifestations are rather the endpoints of a continuum of diseases. Macroscopically the wet form is characterized by effusions in the serosal cavities, and the dry form by perivascular (pyo)granulomas in the organs. The most characteristic histological lesions are granulo-matous to necrotizing vasculitis in the wet form, and vas-acentric pyogranulomatous inflammation in the dry form. Ante-mortem diagnosis of the disease is challenging yet extremely important, partially because of recent successes in therapy. The most reliable diagnosis is likely to be made only post-mortem, but a properly constructed diagnostic workflow can be similarly effective. Although the active substances of previous successful therapies are relatively easily available, they are not approved for veterinary use. In the absence of an effective vaccine, prevention is based mainly on epidemiological considerations and the reduction of stressors that unnecessarily affect the cats. Presenting the example of FIP and COVID-19, it is perfectly understandable why the experience of different drugs in the treatment of animal curonaviral infections can be of tremendous value in preparing their use in human experiments.
ABSTRACT
Purpose/Aims Healthcare workers internationally continue to look for innovative ways to improve patient outcomes and optimize resource utilization during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Proning awake, nonintubated patients has been suggested as a potential intervention in critical care. The aim of this study is to provide a multidisciplinary approach to safely perform awake self-prone positioning in the acute care setting. Design This is a prospective, descriptive study. Method Patients with COVID-19 were screened and enrolled within 48 hours of a positive test. After approval from the primary team, patients were provided education materials by a multidisciplinary team on the self-prone intervention. Visual cues were placed in the room. Patients were requested to maintain a diary of hours of prone positioning. Patients' baseline characteristics, admission vitals, daily oxygen requirements, and level of care were collected. Results Of 203 patients screened, 31 were enrolled. No pressure-related injury or catheter (intravenous or urinary) displacement was identified. Eighty-one percent of patients spent less than 8 hours a day in prone positioning. Among patients enrolled, none required invasive ventilation or died. Conclusions Awake self-proning can be performed safely in patients given a diagnosis of COVID-19 in the acute care setting with a multidisciplinary team.
ABSTRACT
The COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in a widespread shift to online education around the world and in Hungary, too. Educational institutions from kindergartens to universities were forced to adapt rapidly to this new situation, when the space of education moved from classrooms to online video meetings;the regular methods and tools needed to be changed or modified. Nonetheless, we should keep in mind that online education itself was an already existing concept before the pandemic as part of digitalization as a current societal megatrend, however it was not widely used in educational institutions across different programs. By 2021, there are university students who have mostly or exclusively participated in higher education online. Online classes could be a new normal situation to these students instead of the pre-pandemic personal activities in physical classrooms, leading to altering the norms of participation. In our research, we collected answers to open-ended sentences from such students. As we wish to understand how students perceive the differences between online and offline education, we investigated the perceived advantages and disadvantages of online-only education, how this influenced their social networks, study efficiency and their whole experience in university education. © 2021 The Author(s).
ABSTRACT
Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to argue for the sustained need for the physical workplace and real-life encounters in higher education even in the digital age despite being seemingly transformable into the virtual sphere as seen during the COVID-19 situation. Design/methodology/approach: This study is based on a collaborative autoethnography by a group of seven higher educators with an overall 2,134 student encounters during the study’s time span. The authors then connect these practitioner observations with relevant COVID-19-related studies thereby adding to research on higher education as a workplace. Findings: The data suggest that the physical workplace strongly bolsters the personal experience and effectiveness of higher education through contributing to its dynamics. Spaces predetermine the scope and levels of human interaction of teaching and learning. In a physical setting, all senses serve as mediators, whereas, online, only two senses are involved: vision and hearing. The two-dimensional screen becomes a mediator of communications. In the physical space, actors are free to adjust the working space, whereas the online working space is limited and defined by platforms. Practical implications: Although higher education institutions may indeed fully substitute most practices formerly in a physical setting with online solutions, real-time encounters in the physical working space belong to its deeper raisons d'être. Originality/value: This paper highlights the necessity of the physical workplace in higher education and describes the depriving potential of the exclusively online higher education teaching setting. © 2021, Emerald Publishing Limited.
ABSTRACT
Examining cycle theories calls our attention to the fact that tourism will be described by descending and ascending curves within certain periods in the future. According to cycle theories, the downturn in the tourism industry will continue from four to five years. According to the study conducted by the authors, domestic tourism will become more intensive, trips will have spatial limitations, the length of stay will increase, and cars will be the most popular means of transport. As part of the research, the authors surveyed 230 respondents concerning tourism activities. An in-depth interview was carried out with Zoltán Somogyi, a former Deputy Secretary General of the UNWTO, about the possibilities of solving the effects of COVID-19. To address COVID-19 challenges, the Hungarian government is required to make quick decisions. Demand needs to be diversified, and new sustainable tourism products need to be introduced. Visits to Hungary should be extended in space and time, and an interest in domestic tourists in the state should be increased by implementing strong marketing. More serious regulations should be adopted with the participation of local entrepreneurs;more consideration should be given to contactless technologies. In the post-COVID-19 period, the overtourism in Hungary should be replaced by sustainable and creative tourism. © 2020 Institute of Society Transformation. All rights reserved.
ABSTRACT
Our study aims to examine what course the coronavirus crisis took in certain areas, using macroeconomic data and a household and business survey. Our results suggest that the virus has affected different sectors to varying degrees: while some sectors have experienced rapid recovery, others have been characterised by a protracted crisis. The second wave of the coronavirus in the autumn also resulted in a decline in economic data, but to a lesser extent than the first wave in the spring. Overall, the course of the crisis can be considered W-shaped, although some aspects and sectors show a different picture. However, as the viral situation improves, it will be an important task of economic policy to ensure that the last stem of the W is steep, i.e. that the Hungarian economy can return to its previous growth trajectory. To this end, it is essential to lift restrictions, so that household consumption can once again become the engine of growth, and to increase the willingness of companies to invest. © 2021 Public Finance Quarterly. All rights reserved.